தன் முயற்சியில் சற்றும் மனம் தளராத படைப்புக் கொள்கை வேதாளங்கள் பரிணாம விக்கிரமாதித்தன்களிடம் பல கேள்விகளை 100 வருடங்களுக்கு மேலாக கேட்டு வருவதும் அதற்கு பதில் அளித்தால் முருங்கை மரம் ஏறுவதும்.அனைவரும் அறிந்ததே!!!!!!!.
படைப்புக் கொள்கையாளர்களின் இணையத் தளமான் creation.com சென்ற மாதம் பரிணாம்த்தை வினவுவோம் என்று 15 கேள்விகளை தயார் செய்து அத்னை அனைத்து பரிணமம் போதிக்கும் ஆசிரியர்கள்,விஞ்ஞானிகளிடம் கேட்க அனைவரையும் அழைத்தது.
அந்த கேள்விகள் இங்கே பாருங்கள்.
http://creation.com/question-evolution
http://creation.com/images/pdfs/flyers/15-questions-for-evolutionists-s.pdf
http://creation.com/images/pdfs/flyers/15-questions-for-evolutionists-s.pdf
இதற்கான பதில்களை சில யு டுயூப் பரிணாம் ஆதரவாளர்களே அருமையாக் தயாரித்து அளித்துள்ளார்கள்.பல் கேள்விகளுக்கு விடை ஏற்கெக்னவே தெரிந்த ஒன்று என்றாலும் பதில்கள் நல்ல விளக்கமாக் இருக்கின்றன.வைரஸ் H5N1 ல் பரிணாம் வளர்ச்சி பரிசோத்னையில் அறிய முடியும் என்பது அருமை.கண்டு களியுங்கள்.
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References for the 15 answers.
QUESTION 1
-E. Anders, PRE-BIOTIC ORGANIC-MATTER FROM COMETS AND ASTEROIDS. Nature 342, 255 (Nov, 1989).
-J. R. Cronin, S. Pizzarello, Enantiomericexcesses in meteoriticaminoacids. Science 275, 951 (Feb, 1997).
-W. Gilbert, ORIGIN OF LIFE - THE RNA WORLD. Nature 319, 618 (Feb, 1986).
-J. F. Kasting, EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE. Science 259, 920 (Feb, 1993).
-D. H. Lee, J. R. Granja, J. A. Martinez, K. Severin, M. R. Ghadiri, A self-replicating peptide. Nature 382, 525 (Aug, 1996).
-S. L. Miller, J. L. Bada, SUBMARINE HOT SPRINGS AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE. Nature 334, 609 (Aug, 1988).
-E. D. Schneider, J. J. Kay, LIFE AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE 2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Math. Comput. Model. 19, 25 (Mar-Apr, 1994).
-D. Segre, D. Ben-Eli, D. W. Deamer, D. Lancet, The lipid world. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 31, 119 (Feb-Apr, 2001).
-S. G. Zhang, T. Holmes, C. Lockshin, A. Rich, SPONTANEOUS ASSEMBLY OF A SELF-COMPLEMENTARY OLIGOPEPTIDE TO FORM A STABLE MACROSCOPIC MEMBRANE. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 3334 (Apr, 1993).
-J. R. Cronin, S. Pizzarello, Enantiomericexcesses in meteoriticaminoacids. Science 275, 951 (Feb, 1997).
-W. Gilbert, ORIGIN OF LIFE - THE RNA WORLD. Nature 319, 618 (Feb, 1986).
-J. F. Kasting, EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE. Science 259, 920 (Feb, 1993).
-D. H. Lee, J. R. Granja, J. A. Martinez, K. Severin, M. R. Ghadiri, A self-replicating peptide. Nature 382, 525 (Aug, 1996).
-S. L. Miller, J. L. Bada, SUBMARINE HOT SPRINGS AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE. Nature 334, 609 (Aug, 1988).
-E. D. Schneider, J. J. Kay, LIFE AS A MANIFESTATION OF THE 2ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. Math. Comput. Model. 19, 25 (Mar-Apr, 1994).
-D. Segre, D. Ben-Eli, D. W. Deamer, D. Lancet, The lipid world. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 31, 119 (Feb-Apr, 2001).
-S. G. Zhang, T. Holmes, C. Lockshin, A. Rich, SPONTANEOUS ASSEMBLY OF A SELF-COMPLEMENTARY OLIGOPEPTIDE TO FORM A STABLE MACROSCOPIC MEMBRANE. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 3334 (Apr, 1993).
QUESTION 2
-Biology: Eighth Edition, Raven et. al.,Chapter 14- DNA: The GeneticMaterial, Chapter 15- Genes and How TheyWork
-Anatomy and Physiology : Eighth Edition, Marieb and Hoenh, Chapter 2- ChemistryComes Alive- Part 2: Biochemistry, Chapter 3- Cells: The Living Units
-DNA: The Secret of Life, James D. Watson and Andrew Berry : Chapter 3- Bringing DNA to Life, Chapter 7- The HumanGenome: Life'sScreenplay, Chapter 8- Reading Genomes: Evolution in Action
-Anatomy and Physiology : Eighth Edition, Marieb and Hoenh, Chapter 2- ChemistryComes Alive- Part 2: Biochemistry, Chapter 3- Cells: The Living Units
-DNA: The Secret of Life, James D. Watson and Andrew Berry : Chapter 3- Bringing DNA to Life, Chapter 7- The HumanGenome: Life'sScreenplay, Chapter 8- Reading Genomes: Evolution in Action
QUESTION 3
-Saenger, Wolfram (1984). Principles of NucleicAcid Structure. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-90762-9.
-Alberts, Bruce; Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and Peter Walters (2002). MolecularBiology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1. OCLC 48122761 57023651 69932405 145080076 48122761 57023651 69932405.
-Rebecca M. Turk, Nataliya V. Chumachenko, and Michael Yarus (February 22, 2010). "Multiple translationalproductsfrom a five-nucleotide ribozyme.". -Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (10): 4585--9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0912895107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2826339. PMID 20176971. Lay summary -- ScienceDaily (February 24, 2010).
-Lincoln, Tracey A.; Joyce, Gerald F. (January 8, 2009). "Self-SustainedReplication of an RNA Enzyme". Science (New York: American Association for the Advancement of Science) 323 (5918): 1229--32. doi:10.1126/science.1167856.
-Bowmaker JK (1998). "Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates". Eye (London, England) 12 (Pt 3b): 541--7. PMID 9775215
-Carroll SB, Grenier J, Weatherbee SD (2005). From DNA to Diversity: MolecularGenetics and the Evolution of Animal Design. Second Edition. Oxford: BlackwellPublishing. ISBN 1-4051-1950-0
-Hastings, P J; Lupski, JR; Rosenberg, SM; Ira, G (2009). "Mechanisms of change in gene copy number". Nature Reviews. Genetics 10 (8): 551--564. doi:10.1038/nrg2593. PMC 2864001. PMID 19597530.
-Alberts, Bruce; Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and Peter Walters (2002). MolecularBiology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1. OCLC 48122761 57023651 69932405 145080076 48122761 57023651 69932405.
-Rebecca M. Turk, Nataliya V. Chumachenko, and Michael Yarus (February 22, 2010). "Multiple translationalproductsfrom a five-nucleotide ribozyme.". -Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (10): 4585--9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0912895107. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2826339. PMID 20176971. Lay summary -- ScienceDaily (February 24, 2010).
-Lincoln, Tracey A.; Joyce, Gerald F. (January 8, 2009). "Self-SustainedReplication of an RNA Enzyme". Science (New York: American Association for the Advancement of Science) 323 (5918): 1229--32. doi:10.1126/science.1167856.
-Bowmaker JK (1998). "Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates". Eye (London, England) 12 (Pt 3b): 541--7. PMID 9775215
-Carroll SB, Grenier J, Weatherbee SD (2005). From DNA to Diversity: MolecularGenetics and the Evolution of Animal Design. Second Edition. Oxford: BlackwellPublishing. ISBN 1-4051-1950-0
-Hastings, P J; Lupski, JR; Rosenberg, SM; Ira, G (2009). "Mechanisms of change in gene copy number". Nature Reviews. Genetics 10 (8): 551--564. doi:10.1038/nrg2593. PMC 2864001. PMID 19597530.
QUESTION 4
-Definition of "Natural Selection" from Wikipedia.com and The American Heritage Science Dictionary 2005.
-Definition of "Evolution" from dictionary.com and merriam-webster.com
-Definition of "Evolution" from dictionary.com and merriam-webster.com
QUESTION 5
-Chapman, D.J. and Ragan, M.A. (1980). Evolution of BiochemicalPathways: Evidence From Comparative Biochemistry. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 31: 639-67.
Whitaker, R.J., Berry, A., Byng, G.S., Fiske, M.J. and Jensen, R.A. (1984). Clues fromXanthomonascampestris about the evolution of aromaticbiosynthesis and itsregulation. J. Mol. Evol. 21: 139-49.
-Jensen, R.A. (1985). BiochemicalPathways in Prokaryotes Can Be TracedBackwardthroughEvolutionary Time. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2: 92-108.
-Ahmad, S. and Jensen, R.A. (1987). Evolution of the biochemicalpathway for aromaticaminoacidbiosynthesis in Serpensflexibilis in relationship to itsphylogenetic position. Arch. .Microbiol. 147: 8-12.
-Forst, C.V. and Schulten, K. (1999). Evolution of Metabolisms: A New Method for the Comparison of MetabolicPathwaysUsingGenomics Information. J. Comp. Biol. 6: 343-63.
-Behrman , E.J., Marzluf, G.A. and Bentley, R. (2004). Evidence fromBiochemicalPathways in Favor of Unfinished Evolution ratherthan Intelligent Design. J. Chem. Educ. 81: 1051.
-Koes, R., Verweij, W. and Quattrocchio, F. (2005). Flavonoids: acolorful model for the regulation and evolution of biochemicalpathways. Trends Plant Sci. 10: 236-42.
-Nacher, J.C., Ochiai, T., Yamada, T., Kanehisa, M. and Akutsu, T. (2006). The role of log-normal dynamics in the evolution of biochemicalpathways. Biosystems 83: 26-37.
-Raymond, J. and Segrè, D. (2006). The Effect of Oxygen on Biochemical Networks and the Evolution of Complex Life. Science 311: 1764-1767.
-Harborne, J.B. (2008).Constraints on the evolution of biochemicalpathways. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 39: 135--151.
-Fani, R. and Fondi, M. (2009). Origin and evolution of metabolicpathways. Phys. Life. Rev. 6: 23-52.
-Lenski, R.E. (2004). Phenotypic and genomicevolutionduring a 20,000-generation experimentwith the bacterium Escherichia coli. Plant Breed. Rev. 24: 225-265.
-Ohno, S. (1984). Birth of a unique enzyme from an alternative reading frame of the preexisted, internallyrepetitiouscodingsequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 2421-25.
-Okada, H.et al. (1983). Evolutionary adaptation of plasmid-encoded enzymes for degrading nylon oligomers. Nature 306, 203 - 206.
Whitaker, R.J., Berry, A., Byng, G.S., Fiske, M.J. and Jensen, R.A. (1984). Clues fromXanthomonascampestris about the evolution of aromaticbiosynthesis and itsregulation. J. Mol. Evol. 21: 139-49.
-Jensen, R.A. (1985). BiochemicalPathways in Prokaryotes Can Be TracedBackwardthroughEvolutionary Time. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2: 92-108.
-Ahmad, S. and Jensen, R.A. (1987). Evolution of the biochemicalpathway for aromaticaminoacidbiosynthesis in Serpensflexibilis in relationship to itsphylogenetic position. Arch. .Microbiol. 147: 8-12.
-Forst, C.V. and Schulten, K. (1999). Evolution of Metabolisms: A New Method for the Comparison of MetabolicPathwaysUsingGenomics Information. J. Comp. Biol. 6: 343-63.
-Behrman , E.J., Marzluf, G.A. and Bentley, R. (2004). Evidence fromBiochemicalPathways in Favor of Unfinished Evolution ratherthan Intelligent Design. J. Chem. Educ. 81: 1051.
-Koes, R., Verweij, W. and Quattrocchio, F. (2005). Flavonoids: acolorful model for the regulation and evolution of biochemicalpathways. Trends Plant Sci. 10: 236-42.
-Nacher, J.C., Ochiai, T., Yamada, T., Kanehisa, M. and Akutsu, T. (2006). The role of log-normal dynamics in the evolution of biochemicalpathways. Biosystems 83: 26-37.
-Raymond, J. and Segrè, D. (2006). The Effect of Oxygen on Biochemical Networks and the Evolution of Complex Life. Science 311: 1764-1767.
-Harborne, J.B. (2008).Constraints on the evolution of biochemicalpathways. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 39: 135--151.
-Fani, R. and Fondi, M. (2009). Origin and evolution of metabolicpathways. Phys. Life. Rev. 6: 23-52.
-Lenski, R.E. (2004). Phenotypic and genomicevolutionduring a 20,000-generation experimentwith the bacterium Escherichia coli. Plant Breed. Rev. 24: 225-265.
-Ohno, S. (1984). Birth of a unique enzyme from an alternative reading frame of the preexisted, internallyrepetitiouscodingsequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 2421-25.
-Okada, H.et al. (1983). Evolutionary adaptation of plasmid-encoded enzymes for degrading nylon oligomers. Nature 306, 203 - 206.
QUESTION 6
QUESTION 7
-Boraas M.
et al (1998). Phagotrophy by a flagellate selects for colonial prey: A possible origin of multicellularity. EvolutionaryEcology Volume 12, Number 2, 153-164
-http://pleion.blogspot.com/2008/11/watching-multicellularity-evolve-before.html
-http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/postmonth/jul00.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_life#Hypotheses_for_origin
-http://pleion.blogspot.com/2008/11/watching-multicellularity-evolve-before.html
-http://www.talkorigins.org/origins/postmonth/jul00.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_life#Hypotheses_for_origin
QUESTION 8
-Baldwin AP (2002). Behind the green operculum: the sexlives of mollusks. Of Sea and Shore Magazine 25(1): 17-19. (non-peerreviewed, but I heard the rumorthat the authorisa super-genius!)
-Bulmer MG and Parker GA (2002). The evolution of anisogamy: a game-theoreticapproach. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 269(1507): 2381--2388.
-Dusenbery, DB (2009). "Chapter 20". Living at Micro Scale. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UniversityPress.
-Margulis L and Sagan D (1997). Whatissex? Simon and Schuster Editions. New York, New York. 256 pp.
-Bulmer MG and Parker GA (2002). The evolution of anisogamy: a game-theoreticapproach. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 269(1507): 2381--2388.
-Dusenbery, DB (2009). "Chapter 20". Living at Micro Scale. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard UniversityPress.
-Margulis L and Sagan D (1997). Whatissex? Simon and Schuster Editions. New York, New York. 256 pp.
QUESTION 9
-http://scholar.google.fr/scholar?q=transitional+species&hl=fr&lr=
-http://scholar.google.fr/scholar?hl=fr&q=transitional+fossils&lr=&as_ylo=&as_vis=0
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CC/CC200.html
-http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/archaeopteryx.html
-http://duoquartuncia.blogspot.com/2007/05/jurassic-pigeon-at-creation-museum.html
-http://scholar.google.fr/scholar?hl=fr&q=transitional+fossils&lr=&as_ylo=&as_vis=0
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CC/CC200.html
-http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/birds/archaeopteryx.html
-http://duoquartuncia.blogspot.com/2007/05/jurassic-pigeon-at-creation-museum.html
QUESTION 10
-https://www3.amherst.edu/~jwhagadorn/courses/27paleo/readings/GouldEldredge1993.pdf
-PunctuatedEquilibriumComes of Age, 1993, Stephen J Gould & Niles Eldredge
-PunctuatedEquilibriumComes of Age, 1993, Stephen J Gould & Niles Eldredge
QUESTION 11
-http://www.physorg.com/news186416144.html
-http://www.livescience.com/4515-selfless-chimps-shed-light-evolution-altruism.html
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB411.html
-Rueppell, Haworth & Ross (2010). Altruistic self-removal of health-compromisedhoneybeeworkersfromtheirhive. Journal of EvolutionaryBiology 23(7) p. 1538-1546.
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB400.html
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB400_1.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence
-http://www.livescience.com/4515-selfless-chimps-shed-light-evolution-altruism.html
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB411.html
-Rueppell, Haworth & Ross (2010). Altruistic self-removal of health-compromisedhoneybeeworkersfromtheirhive. Journal of EvolutionaryBiology 23(7) p. 1538-1546.
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB400.html
-http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB400_1.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence
QUESTION 12
-Wake D. et al (1986), Geographic Variation in Allozymes in a "Ring Species", the Plethodontid Salamander Ensatinaeschscholtzii of Western North America. Evolution, Volume 40, Number 4, 702-715
-Vervust B. et al (2007), Differences in Morphology, Performance and Behavior of between recently diverged populations of Podarcissicula mirror differences in predation pressures. Oikos, Volume 116, Issue 8, 1343-1352
-Reznik D. et al (1997), Evaluation of the rate of Evolution in Natural Populations of Guppies (PoeciliaReticulata). Science Magazine, Volume 275, Issue of 28th March 1997, 1934-1937
Ohno S (1984), Birth of a unique enzyme from an alternate reading frame of the preexisted, internally repetitious coding sequence.Evolution, Volume 81, Issue of April 1984, 2421-2425
-Boraas M.
-Vervust B. et al (2007), Differences in Morphology, Performance and Behavior of between recently diverged populations of Podarcissicula mirror differences in predation pressures. Oikos, Volume 116, Issue 8, 1343-1352
-Reznik D. et al (1997), Evaluation of the rate of Evolution in Natural Populations of Guppies (PoeciliaReticulata). Science Magazine, Volume 275, Issue of 28th March 1997, 1934-1937
Ohno S (1984), Birth of a unique enzyme from an alternate reading frame of the preexisted, internally repetitious coding sequence.Evolution, Volume 81, Issue of April 1984, 2421-2425
-Boraas M.
et al (1998). Phagotrophy by a flagellate selects for colonial prey: A possible origin of multicellularity. EvolutionaryEcology Volume 12, Number 2, 153-164
-Brown CJ. et al (1998), Multiple Duplication of Yeast Hexose Transport Genes in Response to Selection in a Glucose-limitedEnvironment. MolecularBiology and Evolution, Volume 15, Issue 8, 931-942
-Abrahms P. (2000), The Evolution of Predator-Prey Interractions. AnnualReview of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 31, 79-105
-Meller AP (1993), Symmetrical male sexualornaments, paternal care and offspringquality. BehavioralEcology, Volume 5, Issue 2, 188-194
-Trut L. (1999), EarlyCanid Domestication : the Farm-Fox Experiment. American Scientist, Volume 87, Issue of March-April, 160-169
-http://www.nature.com/authors/policies/peer_review.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Skell
-Brown CJ. et al (1998), Multiple Duplication of Yeast Hexose Transport Genes in Response to Selection in a Glucose-limitedEnvironment. MolecularBiology and Evolution, Volume 15, Issue 8, 931-942
-Abrahms P. (2000), The Evolution of Predator-Prey Interractions. AnnualReview of Ecology and Systematics, Volume 31, 79-105
-Meller AP (1993), Symmetrical male sexualornaments, paternal care and offspringquality. BehavioralEcology, Volume 5, Issue 2, 188-194
-Trut L. (1999), EarlyCanid Domestication : the Farm-Fox Experiment. American Scientist, Volume 87, Issue of March-April, 160-169
-http://www.nature.com/authors/policies/peer_review.html
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Skell
QUESTION 13
-Harris MP, Linkhart BL, Fallon JF: Bmp7 mediatesearlysignalingeventsduring induction of chickepidermalorgans. Dev Dyn 2004, 231:22-32.
-http://www.lonesomegeorge.net/
-http://www.lonesomegeorge.net/
QUESTION 14
ந்ண்பரே, எப்படியும் என்னை படைபுக் கொள்கையில் expert ஆக தேர்ச்சி பெற வைத்துவிடுவீர்கள் போல் இருக்கிறது. பார்த்தும், படித்தும் கொண்டிருக்கிறேன். நன்றி.
ReplyDeleteநண்பர் நரேன்,
ReplyDeleteஇந்த விஷயத்தில் பல அறிதல்,புரிதல் ஏற்படுகிறது நரேன்.பிடித்திருக்கிறது.கல்வியை ஒரு தேடலற்று பணம் மட்டும் சம்பாதிக்கும் ஒரு வழியாக் மாற்றிய அரசியலமைப்பு மீது கோபம் வருகிறது.
பரிணாமம் & படைப்புக் கொள்கையில் ஒரு பட்டம் அளிக்கும் பல்கலைகழகம் பலரும் இணைந்து ஆரம்பிப்போம்.தருமி அய்யாதான் முதல்வர்.நம்ம எல்லாரும்(நம் அன்பு சகோதரர்கள் உட்பட) அங்கு பணியாற்றலாம்.எப்படி இருக்கும்?!!!!!!!!.ஹா ஹா ஹா!!!!!!!
இந்த கேள்விகளை மட்டும் கேட்கத் தெரிந்தால் நீங்கள் பரிணாம் எதிர்ப்பாளர்.பதில் தெரிந்தால் இறை மறுப்பாளர்.அறிவியல் என்பது தொடர் தேடல்,சரி பார்த்தல்,மற்றும் சீரமைத்தல் என்பதால் மெதுவாகவும் உறுதியாக்[slow but steady] மட்டுமே பயணிக்கும்.இன்னும் ஒரு 50_ 100 வருடங்களுக்கு இவ்விவாதம் நீடிக்கும் என்றே எதிர்பார்க்கிறேன். ஏதோ தமிழுக்கும்,தமிழர்களுக்கும் நம்மாலான தொண்டு.
ReplyDelete**************
பலரும் தங்கள் துறை,தேடல் குறித்து பதிவிட்டால் தமிழ் கூறும் நல்லுலகு பயன் பெறும்.மொக்கை பதிவு போடலாம் என்றாலும் 50%க்கு மிகாமல் பார்த்துக் கொண்டு பயன் தரும் பதிவுகளை அனைவரும்(நரேன் உட்பட) எழுதினால் நலமாக் இருக்கும்.
நன்றி நரேன்